The State budget

How are we doing?

In 2025 the State authorised €941.6bn of spending and expects €754.6bn of revenue: €186.9bn is left to finance.

Ragioneria generale dello Stato (MEF), 2025 final accounts. These are final forecasts: authorised spending and expected revenue, not payments.

Question 1 of 4

Does revenue cover spending?

Left to finance in 2025€186.9bnthe authorised spending that expected revenue does not cover
  1. Authorised spending€941.6bn
  2. Expected revenue€754.6bn
  3. To be financed, calculated by this site€186.9bn

Spending and funding (billion euros)

This is not the deficit in the news: Eurostat computes that one for the whole general government sector, with different rules.

Details, method and source

“Left to finance” is the net balance to be financed in the final accounts: final authorised spending minus final expected revenue, both final forecasts. The State covers it with new borrowing, that is by issuing government bonds.

about €15,970 of authorised spending per resident · a portal calculation

Spending per resident, a portal calculation: authorised spending for 2025 (the figure at the top, final appropriations) divided by 58,943,464 residents of Italy on 1 January 2025 (Eurostat, demo_pjan, version of 25 September 2026, read on 29 October 2026), rounded to the nearest ten euros. The figure is as published.

How much was actually paid and collected: Planned vs spent →

  1. Question 2 of 4

    And where does the €941.6bn go?

    The largest item, 2025€154.1bnMoney for Regions and Municipalities (health is included)

    The other 26 spending areas together: €185.7bn. The remainder is the difference from total authorised spending: a calculation by this site.

    • Total authorised spending€941.6bn
    • Money for Regions and Municipalities (health is included)€154.1bn

      In the final accounts: «Relazioni finanziarie con le autonomie territoriali». The money the State passes on to Regions and Municipalities. This is mostly funding for regional health services (hospitals, family doctors, medicines), plus funds for Municipal services.

    • Tax administration, tax refunds and public finance operations€132.2bn

      In the final accounts: «Politiche economico-finanziarie e di bilancio e tutela della finanza pubblica». The State’s tax and finance machinery: the Revenue Agency and tax collection, tax refunds to taxpayers, management of State shareholdings.

    • Pensions: State transfers to INPS€122.2bn

      In the final accounts: «Politiche previdenziali». State transfers to INPS: these cover the part of pensions and welfare payments that workers' contributions aren’t enough to pay for.

    • Interest on the public debt€99.2bn

      In the final accounts: «Debito pubblico». The amounts authorised for interest to those who have lent money to the State by buying BTP, BOT and other government bonds.

    • Incentives and support for businesses€85.2bn

      In the final accounts: «Competitività e sviluppo delle imprese». Incentives for businesses: tax credits, loan guarantee funds, support for sectors in crisis or considered strategic.

    • Universal child benefit, poverty and disability€67.1bn

      In the final accounts: «Diritti sociali, politiche sociali e famiglia». Support for people: the universal child benefit, anti-poverty measures such as the inclusion allowance, support for disability and long-term care needs.

    • Schools€58.2bn

      In the final accounts: «Istruzione scolastica». Schools: the pay of teachers, the running of schools, support for pupils with disabilities.

    • The European Union, embassies and cooperation€37.7bn

      In the final accounts: «L'Italia in Europa e nel mondo». Italy’s contribution to the European Union budget, embassies and consulates, development cooperation.

    • Other missions, difference from the total€185.7bn

    Authorised spending (billion euros)

    Details, method and source

    Spending areas (missioni) are the large chapters the final accounts divide spending into: each figure adds the area’s current and capital spending. The names are rewritten by the portal; the official name is in the opened row. The examples are indicative: an area contains hundreds of budget chapters.

    Interest here is the “Debito pubblico” area. The Public debt page shows accrued interest of all general government (Eurostat) and, separately, the “Spese per interessi” line of the State final-accounts balances (BDAP). The spending area and the balances line classify items differently: both are final forecasts, not payments.

  2. Question 3 of 4

    And where does the €754.6bn come from?

    The largest source, 2025€244.8bnIRPEF, the personal income tax

    Other taxes together: €60.1bn. Other revenue (fines, dividends, refunds): €102.7bn.

    • Total expected revenue€754.6bn
    • IRPEF, the personal income tax€244.8bn

      In the final accounts: «Imposta sul reddito delle persone fisiche».

    • VAT, the tax on what you buy€206.5bn

      In the final accounts: «Imposta sul valore aggiunto».

    • IRES, the tax on company profits€64.0bn

      In the final accounts: «Imposta sul reddito delle società».

    • Substitute taxes on income€44.9bn

      In the final accounts: «Imposte sostitutive sui redditi».

    • Excise duties on fuel and energy€31.6bn

      In the final accounts: «Accise su energia e oli minerali».

    • Other taxes, difference from the tax revenue total€60.1bn
    • Other revenue, excluding taxes€102.7bn

    Forecast revenue (billion euros)

    Details, method and source

    Taxes are the tax revenue of the final accounts by item, final forecasts. The names are rewritten by the portal; the official name is in the opened row. “Other revenue” is final revenue that is not tax: fines, dividends, refunds and sales of assets.

  3. Question 4 of 4

    Has it always been like this?

    Left to finance, 2003 to 2025No. Until 2019 between €18bn and €78bn a year was left to finance. In 2020, €337.7bn, and never below €178bn since.

    Net balance to be financed, final forecasts of the final accounts. Chart and sentence above in euros of each year, as published.

    Details, method and source

    Each point is that year’s net balance to be financed: final authorised spending minus final expected revenue (State General Accounting Office, final accounts). With “In today’s euros” the amounts are converted into today’s euros with the ISTAT price index.

More questions you can ask